Sawfish
Sawfish are a family of endangered rays notable for their long snouts, which feature rows of teeth on either side similar to a saw.
Class: Chondrichthyes
Order: Rhinopristiformes
Family: Pristidae
Genus: Pristis (4 species), Anoxypristis (1 species)
Species: P. pectinata (Smalltooth Sawfish), P. pristis (Largetooth Sawfish), P. zijsron (Green Sawfish), P. clavata (Dwarf Sawfish), A. cuspidata (Narrow Sawfish)
Common Names: Sawfish, Carpenter Shark
The function of the sawfish’s snout has long been a subject of interest to scientists, though studying these fish was difficult because they are quite rare in the wild. It has since been shown that the saw-like snout has many uses. It is a sensory tool that can help the sawfish detect prey. It can also be used as a tool for digging prey animals (such as crustaceans) out of the sandy sea bottom. Finally, it is also used as a weapon to subdue prey – sawfish have been observed approaching schools of fish and swinging their snout around in order to stun or slash fish, which they then consume.
Sawfish can be found in a variety of habitats, but they usually prefer shallow water with a sandy or muddy bottom, in tropical or subtropical climates. Sawfish are also one of the few types of fish known to be able to thrive in saltwater and freshwater. There is even a population of largetooth sawfish that lives in Lake Nicaragua in Central America.
Not much is known about the breeding habits of sawfish. They are ovoviviparous, which means the young develop within eggs inside the mother's body until ready to hatch and be born.
Sawfish are one of the few animal species known to reproduce through a process called parthenogenesis, in which a female is able to produce offspring without male fertilization.
Sawfish are rays, specifically part of an order that includes guitarfishes, wedgefishes, and banjo rays. Their bodies are long and shark-like, but also flattened like rays. Their most prominent feature is a long snout, or rostrum, with a row of teeth along either side, resembling a saw blade.
Typical coloration is brown, gray, green or yellow above, with highly variable degrees of darker or lighter coloration between individuals. Their flattened undersides are white.
Sawfish can grow to be quite large, with a significant portion of their length devoted to their namesake nose. The larger species can grow as long as 25 feet.
Sawfish have been known to humanity for many thousands of years. They are mentioned in the works of Pliny the Elder, who wrote Natural History around the year 75 AD.
Sawfish have cultural significance among many different groups throughout the world. Sawfish teeth and snouts have been found in archaeological sites of the Maya and Aztecs, and the mythical Aztec monster known as Cipactli was sometimes shown using a sawfish rostrum as a weapon. The rostrum has also been incorporated into ceremonial masks in various cultures from Mexico, Panama, Colombia, Papua New Guinea, and Nigeria, among others.
Many African and Asian cultures view the sawfish as a symbol of courage, protection, and authority.
All species of sawfish are, unfortunately, considered Endangered or Critically Endangered. While once common, they have substantially declined all over the world. They are hunted for a variety of reasons – their fins are used in shark fin soup, their rostrums are sold as novelty souvenirs for tourists, and their oil is used for traditional medicine.
Habitat destruction is another serious threat to sawfish populations. Their preferred habitat of mangrove swamps and seagrass meadows are often affected by pollution and other human activity.
Sawfish can do quite well in captivity, provided they are given tanks large enough to meet their needs. Many public aquariums exhibit sawfish, and use them as a teaching tool about the dangers of extinction faced by many species. The most commonly kept species is the largetooth sawfish.
References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawfish
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltooth_sawfish
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Largetooth_sawfish
https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Fish/Sawfish
https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/discover-fish/sawfish/faq/
Safari Ltd Sawfish Toys:
Endangered Species – Marine TOOB with Sawfish Miniature Figurine