Flying Fish
Flying fish don’t really fly, but they are capable of propelling themselves out of the water and gliding through the air at speeds of over 35 miles per hour, and distances of over 600 feet.
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Beloniformes
Family: Exocoetidae
Genus: 7 genera
Species: About 64 species
Common Names: Flying Fish, Flying Cod
Flying fish are found in all of the oceans of the world, especially where the water is warm. They are usually found in the upper layers of the ocean, known as the epipelagic zone, near the surface.
Their unique gliding ability is thought to have developed as a way to evade predators, which include large fish such as marlins and swordfish, as well as dolphins and porpoises. However, leaping from the water can expose them to different predators, such as seabirds. Flying fish usually "fly" for distances of about 150 feet, though they can glide as far as 650 feet. They can reach heights of 20 feet above the ocean’s surface, and attain speeds of between 35 and 45 miles per hour.
Flying fish eat mostly plankton.
Flying fish spawn near the ocean’s surface. After the female lays her eggs, they become attached to seaweed and other floating flotsam and jetsam. When they hatch, the young fish resembled sea plants, to help protect them from predators.
Flying fish are small, rarely growing over 12 inches in length, but their pectoral fins are disproportionately large, which helps them with their trademark “flying”. These large, rigid fins allow them to glide above the surface of the water for substantial distances. When swimming underwater, these fins are actually held close to the fish’s body.
Flying fish have other features that help them with their unique ability, including rigid, streamlined bodies and rudder-like tails that can help them further their glide or change direction. Some species rely only on their large pectoral fins, but other species have additional wing-like pelvic fins (these are known as four-winged flying fish).
Flying fish are important on the island of Barbados, and are one of the country’s national symbols. They found on the country’s coins, on sculptures, and in artwork.
Interestingly, modern flying fish are not the first type of fish to develop their distinctive gliding ability. A prehistoric family of fishes from the time of the dinosaurs also possessed the ability to glide, though these fish were not related to modern flying fish. This is known as convergent evolution, where distinctive abilities are developed by different, unrelated animals independently.
Flying fish populations are mostly stable throughout the world. There is a commercial fishery for flying fish, which are considered a delicacy to eat in some locales.
References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flying_fish
https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Fish/Flying-Fish
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