Blue Tang
The blue tang is a striking fish in the surgeonfish family, named for its bright blue coloration. Found throughout the Indo-Pacific Ocean, it prefers reef habitats.
Scientific & Common Names
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Acanthuriformes
Family: Acanthuridae
Genus: Paracanthurus
Species: P. hepatus
Common Names: Blue Tang, Regal Tang, Palette Surgeonfish, Royal Blue Tang, Hippo Tang, Blue Hippo Tang, Flagtail Surgeonfish, Pacific Blue Tang, Pacific Regal Blue Tang, Blue Surgeonfish
Blue tangs are reef fish. When they are young, they usually eat plankton. Adults eat both plankton and algae. They are usually found in pairs, but will sometimes travel in small groups of up to 14 fish.
Blue tangs lay very small eggs, less than one millimeter across. The eggs drift in the open ocean, and each egg contains a drop of oil to help it float. They hatch after about a day. The blue and black coloration is present in recently hatched blue tangs, but the yellow areas are translucent.
The blue tang is a member of the surgeonfish family. These fish are laterally flattened, with an oval-shaped body and deep snouts. The name “surgeonfish” refers to the spines located near the fish’s tail, which resemble the scalpel tool often used in surgery. The spines are normally held close to the body, but if the fish is threatened or stressed, the spine will extend and can cause serious cuts.
The blue tang is named for the royal blue color of most of its body. Its tail is yellow, as are the tips of its pectoral fins. In certain regions, the lower body is also yellow.
The edges of its dorsal and anal fins are black, and it has a large black marking on each side of its body that extends from its eye to its tail. The shape of this marking resembles a painter’s palette, which gives the fish one of its many other common names, the palette surgeonfish.
The blue tang grows to about 12 inches in length.
Paracanthurus hepatus is not the only fish called the “blue tang”. Another surgeonfish called the blue tang is found in Atlantic waters. It is fully blue in adulthood, lacking the yellow and black coloration of the Pacific blue tang. Another surgeonfish found in the Indian Ocean is called the powder blue tang. This fish features a light blue body, yellow dorsal and pectoral fins, white pelvic and anal fins, a black and white tail, and a black facial region with a white “chin”. Because of these similarly named related species, many prefer the name “palette surgeonfish” or “Pacific blue tang” to distinguish Paracanthus from its cousins.
Blue tangs became very well known and popular after the release of the 2003 Pixar animated children’s movie Finding Nemo. In this film, a clownfish named Marlin goes on a journey to find his son Nemo. Along the way he meets a forgetful blue tang named Dory. Over the course of the movie they develop a friendship. A sequel was released in 2016 called Finding Dory. This follow-up film focused on Dory’s quest to find her own parents.
Blue tangs are a species of Least Concern, meaning their numbers are currently stable. However, there are some factors that could threaten the blue tang in the coming years. Its coral reef habitat is very fragile, and as ocean acidification and habitat destruction damages coral reefs, the blue tang could suffer as a result.
Blue tangs are also very popular in personal aquariums. The aquarium trade could potentially lead to over-collection of this species, harming wild populations. In 2016, blue tangs were successfully bred in captivity, which could help stabilize the wild population.
The films Finding Nemo and Finding Dory were believed to have led to an increase in children buying blue tangs and clownfish to keep in home aquariums. However, no evidence exists of this so-called “Nemo Effect”. Still, it is important to remember that saltwater aquariums require a high level of maintenance and effort, and keeping saltwater fish is a substantial responsibility.
References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracanthurus
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/facts/blue-tang
https://phys.org/news/2019-08-dory-demand-pet-fish-viral.html
Safari Ltd Blue Tang Toys:
Incredible Creatures Blue Tang Figurine
192 Pieces Good Luck Minis Blue Tang Mini-figurines
Pacific TOOB Set of 10 Figures including Blue Tang Mini-figure
Coral Reef TOOB Set of 11 Figures including Blue Tang Mini-figure