Bottlenose Dolphin
The bottlenose dolphin is one of the most recognizable and familiar types of dolphin, occurring nearly worldwide in warm and temperate marine waters.
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Infraorder: Cetacea
Family: Delphinidae
Genus: Tursiops
Species: T. truncatus (Common or Atlantic Bottlenose Dolphin), T. aduncus (Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin), possibly others
Common Names: Bottlenose Dolphin
Bottlenose dolphins live between 40 and 60 years. Males tend to be solitary or travel in small groups, while larger groups of up to 15 individuals called “pods” are usually composed of adult females and young dolphins.
Dolphins mostly eat fish, but will also eat squid, shrimp and other marine invertebrates. Members of a pod will coordinate and use teamwork to catch the most fish to eat.
Bottlenose dolphins are known to engage in recreational and “playful” activity with each other. Sometimes this behavior extends to other species, including other whales and humans.
Their main predators are large sharks and occasionally orcas, although sometimes dolphins will swim alongside orcas as companions. Dolphins are dangerous prey, as groups of dolphins will charge and ram threats, and even a lone adult dolphin can prove to be challenging prey for a shark.
A bottlenose dolphin’s pregnancy lasts around one year. Dolphin mothers are sometimes assisted by other dolphins during birthing that act as “midwives”. They typically give birth to a single calf, which ranges from about two and a half to four and a half feet long.
Bottlenose dolphins are large dolphins that can grow up to 13 feet in length and weigh up to 1,400 pounds (though they usually average around 650 pounds). They are gray in coloration, though it can vary from a blue-gray to nearly black. Their overall shape and features are typical of “beaked” dolphins, and their name comes from their protruding snout, which resembles the neck of a bottle.
Their smooth skin and sleek body shape is built to maximize their ability to move swiftly and smoothly through water with little resistance.
Bottlenose dolphins were long seen as a single species: “Tursiops truncatus”. Though variations in color, size and features had been observed for a long time, it wasn’t until the 1990s that two different species were established: the common bottlenose dolphin and the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin. There are known to be other subspecies, and some may rise to full species status, but more research is needed.
Dolphins are known to occasionally hybridize with other members of the Delphinidae family in captivity and in the wild, including Risso’s dolphins, common dolphins, rough-toothed dolphins, and false killer whales. When hybridizing with false killer whales, the offspring are known as “wholphins”, a combination of the words whale and dolphin. However, both species are actually dolphins, and members of the same family. Despite being from different genera (Tursiops and Pseudorca), these hybrids can sometimes give birth to their own offspring, as in the case of the captive wholphin Kekaimalu, who has given birth to three calves sired by bottlenose dolphins.
Bottlenose dolphins have been shown to be extremely intelligent. They have displayed cognitive abilities, which include mimicking sounds and behaviors, engaging in matching and memory activities, and mirror self-recognition.
Dolphins have also been shown to use tools. Some dolphins will place sponges on their snouts, which is thought to protect the dolphin’s nose as it scours the sandy seafloor to find food.
The common bottlenose dolphin is a species of Least Concern, while the Indo-Pacific bottlenose is considered Near Threatened. They face threats from human activity, including becoming tangled in fishing nets meant for catching tuna. Manmade chemicals and pollution also have negative effects on bottlenose dolphin populations, though overall their numbers remain stable.
Bottlenose dolphins are one of the most commonly encountered cetaceans in captivity, featured in many marine parks. They often perform shows in commercial aquariums, where they engage in acrobatic leaps, flips and other tricks alongside their human trainers. This practice is controversial, as activists have claimed that dolphins in captivity need more space and stimulation to lead fulfilling lives. The facilities that house these dolphins say that the animals are well cared for and enjoy engaging with humans.
References
Shirahai, Hadoran & Jarrett, Brett (2006). Whales, Dolphins & Other Marine Mammals of the World. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottlenose_dolphin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wholphin
Safari Ltd Bottlenose Dolphin Toys:
Wild Safari Sea Life Dolphin Figure Version 1
Wild Safari Sea Life Dolphin Figure Version 2
Safariology Dolphin Snapper Toy
Dolphins TOOB Set including Bottlenose Dolphin Mini-figure
Ocean TOOB Set including Bottlenose Dolphin Mini-figure
Baby Sea Life TOOB Set including Bottlenose Dolphin Calf Mini-figure