Mako Shark
One of the fastest fish alive, mako sharks are found in offshore ocean environments. The shortfin mako is found worldwide, while the longfin mako prefers warmer environments.
Class: Chondrichthyes
Order: Lamniformes
Family: Lamnidae
Genus: Isurus
Species: I. oxyrinchus (Shortfin Mako), I. paucus (Longfin Mako)
Common Names: Mako Shark, Blue Pointer, Bonito Shark
Mako sharks live in the open ocean, where they hunt using their extraordinary speed. They can swim at speeds of over 30 miles per hour, with short bursts of over 45 miles per hour. This helps them in hunting their preferred prey, which includes squids and various species of fish, as well as other types of sharks, porpoises, sea turtles, and occasionally birds.
One of the most dangerous prey animals of the mako shark is the swordfish. Battles between the shark and the swordfish do not always go in favor of the mako, and sometimes these fish may injure or even kill the mako shark that attacks them.
Mako sharks are also believed to be some of the most intelligent shark species, with a large brain-to-body ratio.
Mako sharks are ovoviviparous, which means the young develop in eggs within the mother’s body up until they’re ready to hatch, at which point the mother gives birth to live young. While they develop, the embryos within the mother may eat her extra, unfertilized eggs for nutrition. A typical brood of mako sharks is between four and 18 babies.
There are two species of mako shark, the longfin and the shortfin. The main difference between the two is right in the name – the longfin mako shark has much longer pectoral fins. It is also much rarer and less frequently encountered than its shortfin cousin. Because of this, when most people refer to the mako shark, they are referring to the more common shortfin species.
Mako sharks are quite large, growing up to 14 feet long in some cases. They have streamlined bodies designed for speed, and are some of the fastest fish in the ocean. They are blue in color above, and white below. This is an example of counter-shading, which is common in coloration of marine animals. It makes them more difficult to see from both above and below.
Mako sharks have pointed snouts and mouths full of sharp teeth, which coupled with their speed makes them highly capable ocean predators.
The name “Mako” originates from the Maori language of New Zealand. It means shark, or shark tooth. It is similar to the word for shark in other Polynesian cultures, such as “mago” in Samoa and “mano” in Hawai’i.
Fossil mako sharks have been found as far back as the Cretaceous period, when dinosaurs roamed the Earth, nearly 100 million years ago. Some scientists have included these prehistoric mako sharks in the genus Isurus, while others put them in a separate genus.
Mako sharks belong to the family Lamnidae, which includes the larger and more well-known great white shark, as well as the smaller salmon shark and porbeagle.
Shortfin mako sharks are highly sought after by fishermen, as they are known to put up a spectacular fight when hooked, often leaping into the air with flamboyant flips.
Like most open ocean shark species, mako sharks do very poorly in captivity. Some attempts have been made, but the sharks typically do not feed while in captivity and have trouble avoiding the tank walls.
Both species of mako shark are considered endangered. Though most sport fisherman practice catch-and-release with these sharks, they are still caught as commercial “bycatch” and are sometimes even specifically targeted, as their meat is considered the best among sharks.
Though human beings rarely encounter mako sharks in the water due to their offshore habitat, these sharks still pose a potential threat to people and should be treated with respect at all times. Mako sharks do nottypically view humans as prey, so unprovoked attacks are very rare; however, the shark will attack if harassed or provoked, and may be attracted to spearfishermen who’ve caught a fish.
Mako sharks can also be dangerous when brought into a boat by fishermen, and many attacks occur when trying to handle the shark once it has been brought out of the water.
References
Castro, Jose I. (2011). The Sharks of North America. New York, New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shortfin_mako_shark
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isurus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longfin_mako_shark
https://ocean.si.edu/ocean-life/sharks-rays/shortfin-mako-shark
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