Narwhal
The narwhal is a unique species of whale that lives in Arctic waters, known for the spiraling tusk that protrudes from the upper jaw in most males.
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Infraorder: Cetacea
Family: Monodontidae
Genus: Monodon
Species: M. monoceros
Common Names: Narwhal, Narwhale
Narwhals live in the cold waters of the Arctic Ocean, near Greenland, Canada and Russia. They usually travel in groups of between five and20 individuals. Sometimes, in summer, groups merge with each other to form mega-pods of over 1000 narwhals.
Narwhals feed on fish including halibut and cod, as well as invertebrates like cuttlefish, shrimp and squid. They are believed to inhale their prey whole, as they lack teeth necessary for biting and chewing.
The function of the narwhal’s text is the cause of much speculation. It has been proposed that the whales use it to poke holes into sea ice for breathing, or that it is used to establish dominance and hierarchy among males. Males occasionally rub their tusks together, which was long believed to be a form of combat, though now it is thought to be a method of communication. They have also been observed using their tusks to stun fish to make them easier to feed on.
Narwhals mate between April and May. Babies are born after a pregnancy lasting about 14 months. Usually only a single calf is born at a time. Occasionally, hybrids are seen of narhwals and their close relatives, the beluga whale. It is not known if these hybrids can breed or not.
Narwhals are medium-sized whales that grow to around 15 feet in length. Their bodies are a mottled brown and white in coloration.
Their most distinctive feature is the large horn-like tusk that projects through the lip in male narwhals. Though it looks like a horn, it is actually a modified canine tooth. Typically only the left canine forms the tusk, though some narwhales have two protruding tusks. The tusk can grow up to 10 feet in length.
The name “narwhal” comes from Old Norse, with “nar” meaning “corpse”, which is believed to be a reference to the coloration of the animal resembling a drowned sailor, as well as its habit of lying very still at the ocean’s surface.
Its closest relative is the beluga whale, and together these two whales form the family Monodontidae. They are closely related to porpoises, and is believed they branched away from oceanic dolphins around 11 million years ago.
According to Inuit legends, the whale’s tusk was formed when a woman with a harpoon was dragged into the sea by a whale. Her hair then twirled together to form the nawhal’s tusk, and she became the narwhal.
Narwhal horns are speculated to be the origin of the mythical horn of the unicorn, a creature of legend in medieval Europe.
Narwhals are a species of Least Concern, though they still face threats due to human encroachment. Hunting of narwhal is prohibited, as is trade in their tusks. One exception is the Inuit people, who are still allowed to hunt the whale legally. They were historically hunted for their meat and blubber.
As a cold water species, narwhals are especially susceptible to the dangers of climate change.
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narwhal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monodontidae
Shirahai, Hadoran & Jarrett, Brett (2006). Whales, Dolphins & Other Marine Mammals of the World. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
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