Chinstrap Penguin
Named for the black line of feathers around their lower face that resembles a chinstrap, these penguins are found in the South Pacific region, including Antarctica.
Class: Aves
Order: Sphenisciformes
Family: Spheniscidae
Genus: Pygoscelis
Species: P. antarcticus
Common Names: Chinstrap Penguin, Ringed Penguin, Bearded Penguin, Stonecracker Penguin
Chinstrap penguins have a reputation for being aggressive and foul tempered.
They eat mostly small fish, shrimp, and squid. They may swim up to 50 miles from shore to find food every day, and can dive to depths of over 200 feet. Their main predator is the leopard seal, though they must also watch for Antarctic fur seals, and predatory birds like the brown skua, south polar skua and giant petrel.
Chinstrap penguins build a circle-shaped nest of out rocks, and the mother will lay two eggs in it. The eggs are incubated by both parents, who take turns keeping them warm. They will hatch after about 37 days and remain in the nest for another month or so. When they are around two months old, they will moult their infant feathers and resemble their black and white parents. They will then travel to the ocean to begin hunting and feeding.
The chinstrap penguin grows to about 30 inches in length and can weigh just under 12 pounds. Like many penguins, their feathers are black on their back and white on their front. This type of “countershading” helps them avoid being seen by predators while swimming. From above, the dark color blends in with the ocean, whereas from below, the white color blends in with light from the sun. They are flightless like all penguin species, with wings that have adapted to become flippers that aid in swimming.
Their name comes from the thin line of black feathers that runs just beneath the penguin’s head. It resembles a chinstrap, as if the penguin is wearing a helmet. It also the basis for the penguin’s other common names – ringed penguin and bearded penguin. The name “stonecracker” refers to the penguin’s loud and ear-splitting cry.
The penguin’s bill is black, and its webbed feet are pink. Its eyes are reddish.
First described in 1781, the chinstrap penguin was initially placed in the genus Aptenodytes, which also includes the king and emperor penguins. In 1990, they were relocated into the genus Pygoscelis, which includes the Adelie and gentoo penguins. Collectively, these three species are known as “brush-tail” penguins.
Chinstrap penguins are a species of Least Concern, and are believed to be one of the most numerous species of penguins on Earth. Current estimates put their numbers between 7.5 and 8 million breeding pairs.
Nevertheless, it still faces potential threats, mainly the decline of its food supply, which is affected by overfishing and climate change.