Boa Constrictor
Boa constrictors are large snakes from South America. Their distinctive patterning makes them popular in captivity, both in zoos and as pets.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Serpentes
Family: Boidae
Genus: Boa
Species: B. constrictor
Common Names: Boa Constrictor, Boa, Red-tailed Boa
Boa constrictors are solitary snakes that live in South America, though they are invasive in other regions including southern Florida and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Their habitat is varied, but they tend to favor tropical rainforests. They are often found near water and are very good at swimming.
While they have a painful bite, boa constrictors are not venomous. They are “ambush predators”, meaning they lie very still waiting for a prey animal to come close, and then strike. Once the prey is grabbed with the snake’s teeth, it begins to coil itself around its prey, which restricts blood flow to the brain. The snake then swallows the animal whole. This method of feeding is where the name “constrictor” comes from. Its preferred prey animals are usually mammals like rodents, monkeys, and wild pigs, as well as birds.
Boa constrictors give birth to live young. Pregnancy lasts up to 120 days, after which the mother will give birth to between 10 and 65 baby snakes. Each baby boa constrictor measures around 15 inches long.
Boas are large snakes that can grow up to 14 feet long and weigh as much as 60 pounds or more. Despite their large size, they are not the largest snake species, and are smaller than reticulated pythons, Burmese pythons, and green anacondas.
They are usually brown in coloration, with darker brown or reddish-brown patches called “saddles” along their body. The patterning becomes more prominent near the tail, which has given rise to the nickname “red-tailed boa”.
There are several described subspecies of boa constrictor. Some, such as the Dominican boa, the San Lucia boa, and the Mexican West Coast boa have recently been recognized as fully separate species, while others like the Peruvian long-tailed boa and the Argentine boa remain subspecies of B. constrictor.
Many of these different species and subspecies are defined by their geographic ranges, and more research is needed to determine what the actual differences between them are.
The boa constrictor is one of the few animals (aside from prehistoric creatures and dinosaurs) whose common name is the same as their “scientific” binomial name.
Boa constrictors are a species of Least Concern. Most of their populations are stable and not in danger of extinction.
Boa constrictors are popular animals in captivity, both in zoos and in the pet trade. While snakes were originally collected from the wild, putting strain on the population at the time, these days most pet snakes are captive bred. They are often selectively bred to produce unique patterns and colorations.
Boas can live for several decades, so keeping one as a pet is a long term commitment that requires a tremendous amount of responsibility.