Grizzly Bear
Grizzly bears are a subspecies of brown bear found in the northwestern area of North America, though its range was once much larger.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Ursidae
Genus: Ursus
Species: U. arctos
Subspecies: U. a. horribilis
Common Names: Grizzly Bear, North American Brown Bear
Grizzlies are omnivores, eating both plants and animals. They are able to eat large animals including numerous deer species (elk, moose, reindeer, white-tailed deer), bighorn sheep, bison, and occasionally even black bears. However, they rarely prey upon healthy adults, often targeting younger or weaker individuals.
They also eat fish such as salmon and trout, and small mammals including many species of rodents. Nuts, tubers, grasses and berries are also a part of the grizzly diet.
Grizzly bears hibernate for around half the year, entering adormant state where they stay in dens and do not eat or drink. They build uplarge fat reserves before entering hibernation, which their body feeds off whilethey rest.
Mother grizzlies usually give birth to between one and four cubs at a time. They are very protective of their cubs and are known to attack if they feel their young are being threatened. The mother will care for her cubs for up to two years before they are ready to go out and live on their own.
Grizzly bears are large bears, able to weigh over 850 pounds and measuring nearly eight feet in length.
Their fur coloration ranges from light brown to almost black. They differ from black bears, which can be similar in coloration, in a number of ways. Grizzlies have a large shoulder hump of muscle, a wider face, and a rump that is lower than its shoulders, as opposed to the black bear’s rump which is higher than its shoulders.
The claws of grizzly bears are quite large, measuring up to four inches long.
The term “grizzly bear” refers mainly to the most widespread type of North American brown bear subspecies, though it is also used to describe other North American brown bears, such as the Kodiak bear and peninsular brown bear.
Grizzly bears once ranged from Canada to Mexico, though today they are now mostly restricted to Alaska, western Canada, and a few spots in the contiguous United States in Idaho, Montana, Washington and Wyoming.
The word “grizzly” originated from a term coined by the explorers Lewis and Clark, who described the bear as “grisley”. This was interpreted to mean “grizzled” (referring to the gray tips of the bear’s fur) or “grisly” meaning scary and fearsome, referring to the bear’s temperament.
There are thought to be around 60,000 grizzlies living in North America, about half of which are found in Alaska. Though grizzly bears once roamed California and are found on the state’s flag, the California subspecies has been extinct since the early 1900s.
Grizzly bears are threatened in the United States and considered endangered in Canada. Climate change is having a serious effect on their food availability, and habitat fragmentation due to urban development and roads is harming the population.
Grizzly bears are considered more aggressive and dangerous than black bears, and educating the public on bear safety in areas where they may be encountered is key to ensuring the safety of both bears and humans.
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grizzly_bear
https://wildearthguardians.org/wildlife-conservation/endangered-species-list/mammals/grizzly-bear/
Macdonald, David W. (editor). (2006). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Mammals. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
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