Kermode Bear
This subspecies of black bear is found only in British Columbia, Canada, and is known for a rare variant coloration that is completely white furred.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Ursidae
Genus: Ursus
Species: U. americanus
Subspecies: U. a. kermodei
Common Names: Kermode Bear, Spirit Bear
Like other black bears, Kermode bears are omnivores, eating mostly herbs and berries for much of the year. During the fall, they prey upon salmon that are migrating upriver to spawn.
Studies show that white Kermode bears are more successful at catching salmon, as the fish are more likely to evade large black shapes than large white shapes.
It is possible for two black Kermode bears to mate and produce white offspring, if each parent bear is carrying one copy of the recessive gene. White bears are more likely to mate with other white bears.
Most Kermode bears are black, and look pretty much the same as any other black bear subspecies.
However, a small number (between 100 and 500) Kermode bears have white fur. Though their coloration is similar to that of the polar bear, they are a type of black bear, and beyond their fur color, their appearance and proportions are similar to that of other black bears.
They are not albino, since their skin and eyes still retain pigment, but their fur is fully white or yellowish white. The coloration is due to a recessive gene that inhibits the production of melanin. White bears are known as “spirit bears”.
Kermode bears are named for Frank Kermode. Frank was the director of the Royal British Columbia Museum, and did research on the bear subspecies. Though the name of the bear is often pronounced “ker-moh-dee”, Frank’s last name was actually pronounced as “ker-moad” without pronouncing the “E”.
The white “spirit bears” have a strong cultural significance to the indigenous peoples of the area where the bears are found.
The Kermode subspecies of black bear is not Endangered, though the white-furred variant of the bear is rare due to the recessive nature of the gene that causes it. The bears are protected due to their importance to indigenous culture. Illegal hunting is a threat to the Kermode bear. They also face competition from grizzly bears, who are encroaching on Kermode bear habitats and eating the salmon that makes up much of the Kermode’s diet.