Unicorn
Unicorns are legendary horse-like creatures, noteworthy for the single spiraling horn protruding from their forehead.
Unicorn, Unicorne (Middle English), from Latin “Unicornis” which means “one horn”.
Unicorns are typically depicted as resembling a horse, with a few noteworthy differences. Their hooves are usually presented as cloven, instead of the singular hoof of a horse. Additionally, they have a distinctive horn protruding from their head, which spirals into a point. They are sometimes depicted with a goat’s beard and a lion’s tail.
Unicorns are usually white in coloration, though other colorations, including black, are seen in various representations. In the Middle Ages, unicorns were seen to symbolize purity and the wild spirit of the forest. A unicorn’s horn (and the material it is supposedly made from) is called “alicorn”.
The earliest descriptions of a creature resembling a unicorn can be found in Bronze Age images from the Indus Valley civilization, around2000 years B.C. These strange animals were more cow-like than horse-like, and instead of a straight horn with spiraled groves, their horns were curved and turned up at the tip.
In Ancient Greece, the unicorn was not considered a myth or a legendary creature, but rather treated as a real animal found in nature. They believed unicorns lived in India, which was a far and distant land to the Ancient Greeks.
In the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods, unicorns took on their more familiar horse-like appearance and are found in religious and secular art. The explorer Marco Polo is noted to have given a description of a unicorn, claiming it was nearly as large as an elephant, with similar feet. Polo’s words actually provide a fairly accurate of an animal we know well today – the rhinoceros!
The myth of the unicorn is theorized to have stemmed from many actual, real animals. One of them is the rhinoceros, as described by Marco Polo. Another animal believed to be linked to the origin of the unicorn myth is quite an odd one – the narwhal. Like the unicorn, this whale has a long spiraling horn protruding from its head, though it’s actually a tooth in the case of the narwhal. In medieval times, narwhal teeth were sometimes sold as genuine unicorn horns.
Today, unicorns continue to be enduring symbols, found on heraldry and coat-of-arms of various countries, including Scotland, Lithuana, Switzerland and Germany. It is often depicted in films and television shows,
The unicorn has also been adopted as a symbol by the LGBT+ community.
National Unicorn Day is celebrated around the world on April 9th.
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicorn
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/unicorn
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22372187/
https://nationaltoday.com/national-unicorn-day/
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