Dilophosaurus
Dilophosaurus was one of the earliest large meat-eating dinosaurs, living during the Early Jurassic Period almost 190 million years ago.
Classification: Theropoda, Neotheropoda, Dilophosauridae.
Genus: Dilophosaurus (“Two-crested lizard”)
Species: D. wetherilli
With its sharp teeth, Dilophosaurus was always known to be a meat-eater, but it was originally thought that its bite was not particularly strong, mostly due to the notch in its upper jaw. After its initial discovery it was believed to be a scavenger. However, later scientists in the 1980s would dispute this, and it is now believed that Dilophosaurus was able to hunt and take down larger prey.
The purpose of its two crests remains something of amystery, though most scientists believe that it likely was intended for display, possibly to attract mates.
Dilophosaurus was small compared to the meat-eating dinosaurs that would come to dominate the world during the Late Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods, but for its time it was one of the biggest predators around. It was a slender dinosaur, which was typical of the meat-eaters of the time.
Its most notable feature were two thin, rounded crests that ran parallel along the top of its head. It also had a distinctive notch in its upper jaw near the front of its mouth.
Length: Up to 7 meters (approximately 23 feet) in length
Weight: Approximately 400 kilograms (880 pounds)
The first Dilophosaurus remains were found in Arizona, USA in the 1940s. In 1954, the fossil was described and named by Samuel P. Welles, who called it Megalosaurus wetherilli. However, later in the 1970s, Welles realized it was a separate genus from Megalosaurus, and renamed it as Dilophosaurus.
In the 1990s, another species assigned to Dilophosaurus was discovered in China. However, it was later found that this dinosaur was the same as a previously discovered dinosaur named Sinosaurus.
Dilophosaurus’s classification has always been a subject of debate among scientists. It was originally thought to be a relative of Megalosaurus, and then Ceratosaurus, and then Coelophysis. It was also thought at one point that it might have been related to Baryonyx. More recently, Dilophosaurus has been placed in its own family, with Cryolophosaurus thought to be one of its closest known relatives.
Dilophosaurus became popular in the 1990s due to its inclusion in the blockbuster film Jurassic Park. In the film, Dilophosaurus is shown much smaller than its true size, and is said to be venomous, with a large neck frill similar to that of a frilled lizard. However, no current fossil evidence exists to support the existence of venom or a neck frill in the real life Dilophosaurus.
References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilophosaurus
https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/dino-directory/dilophosaurus.html
Paul, G. (2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs, 2nd Edition. Princeton, New Jersey: University Press Princeton.
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